Abstract
Efforts to explain the concept of "gender justice" as an alternative to gender equality in our country is commendable if it is the beginning of the elimination of discriminations. Widespread participation of women in parties and non-governmental organizations plays an effective role in political and social development and power distribution system; and it leads to the reform of the political and social structure of the country by preventing the monopoly of power.
In the present study, issue of gender justice and problems of women activists in two decades of 1991 and 2001 and the extent of their participation and mode of action in parties and NGOs have been stated; and this basic question has been answered that whether parties and NGOs suffer from gender discriminations within their structure. Qualitative and descriptive methods were used to find the answer. The results of documentary studies, coding and categorization of interviews data through MAXQDA software and using the content analysis method and Grounded theory showed that although NGOs had been in much better situation for presenting and playing the participatory role of women, but existence of gender justice within the country's civil institutions, especially political parties, is still far from the desired level.
Keywords: gender justice, gender discrimination, women participation, parties, non-governmental organizations (NGOs).
 
Introduction
There are many narratives about equality in rights and justice in the participation of men and women. Equality, like justice, is one of the fundamental values of human societies. However, when we get into the details, there is not much agreement about the meaning of justice or equality, and where there is some agreements, we will find only an illusionary appearance that only seeks to resolve difference of opinions.  As even among women, we face biased readings of equality in favor of men. With its long history, our country has seen huge changes in the presence of women in society. But what we are looking for in this research is to investigate the facts and sayings of the observance or non-observance of gender justice in parties and NGOs in the two decades of 1370 and 1380.
 
Materials & methods
The political and civil demands of Iranian women show that they are looking for an Iranian and national-Islamic narrative of feminism. Since we consider Islam as a dynamic and inclusive religion, then there is a capacity in its religious texts to retake the lost rights of women by reading it correctly. Also, study of the level of political and social participation of women in political parties and non-governmental organizations, which is directly related to the issue of hierarchical marginalization of women in political and social issues, is one of the issues raised in feminist movements.
To find the answer to the main research question, qualitative and descriptive methods were used. The results of documentary studies, coding and categorization of interview data and using the method of content analysis and Grounded Theory showed that NGOs have been in a better position for the presence and role of women's participation, but the existence of gender justice within the country's civil institutions, especially political parties, is still far from the desired level.
 
Discussion
The defense of women's rights is not limited to certain geographical boundaries. Researchers and supporters of feminist theories and attitudes have made great efforts in different eras in order to destroy the dominance of men and provide practical solutions. Despite the fact that these activities continued and citizenship rights equal to men were approved in most European countries, women still have a more difficult situation in accessing their rights compared to men. So there is a gap between theory and practice. The existing gap is the cause of a basic and fundamental question, why is there still no social justice? Since political parties are the guardians of democracy in many European countries, the fair participation of women in these institutions leads to the presence of women in legislative assemblies and decision-making centers, and as a result, it leads to the design of political and electoral systems that Institutionalization and transparency are promoted in them.
Sazandegi Era, with the efforts of its political actors, led to fundamental changes in the political and economic structure of the country and the emergence of a new class of demanding women and young people. The new class, which included young people and educated women, sought to form new civil institutions such as parties and NGOs in order to increase their participation in political, economic, cultural issues, etc. Therefore, Sazandegi Era can be considered as the starting point of the formation of all kinds of organizations of its modern type. Basically, the 70s and 80s are studied in this research due to the increase of women's willingness to participate in society through civil institutions such as parties and NGOs.
 
Conclusion
The pattern resulting from the research data through coding techniques in content analysis and after identifying and categorizing different categories shows that all the interviewees emphasize the existence of gender discrimination in both political parties and non-governmental organizations. Also, in explaining the results of the research, we divided the reasons for the existence of gender justice in parties and NGOs into two categories: external factors and internal factors. The increase in repetition of the codes obtained from the text of the opinions of the interviewees and the relationship between the main statement, i.e. the existence of discrimination in these two civil institutions, indicates the abundance of research data in favor of the existence of wider discrimination in parties.