Contemporary Political Studies

Contemporary Political Studies

An Analysis of the Situation of Social Justice in the Construction Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Document Type : .

Authors
Ebrahim Aghamohammadi 1
Mohammadreza Ghaedi 2
Garineh Keshishyan Siraki, 3
Hassan Khodaverdi 4
1 PhD Candidate of Department of Political Science, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran
2 Associate professor of Political sciences and International Relations, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
3 Associate professor of Department of Political Science and International Relations, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor of Department of Political Science and International Relations, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
10.30465/cps.2024.47939.3338
Abstract
Abstract
In Iran, one of the reasons for the revolution was to establish justice and equality within the society and to remove the deprived sections of the society from injustice. Justice always brings satisfaction and companionship of the people to the governments and guarantees the legitimacy of the governments. Therefore, after the revolution, one of the concerns of the authorities was to establish justice and fight against corruption. In different governments after the revolution, this importance has always been seen and heard in the words of statesmen. The main goal of this article is to analyze the situation of the deprived class after the Islamic revolution in the constructive government. The main question raised is that what has been the situation of the deprived class in the constructive government after the Islamic revolution in I.R. Iran? To answer this question, the descriptive-analytical method has been used using library findings and internet sites. According to several theories about the occurrence of revolutions, the theory of class struggle has investigated the role of economic factors in the occurrence of revolutions. The economic variable as a factor in the formation of the deprived class has caused the theoretical approach in this article to be the theory of class struggle. The results of the research findings show that, considering that in the constructive government, measures have been taken in the direction of poverty alleviation and poverty reduction and establishing justice, but the deprived class in the Iranian society has not found a better situation and this class has not had a decreasing trend in the society.
Keywords: Social Justice, Government, Construction Government, Islamic Republic of Iran
 
Introduction
Basically, poverty arises as a result of mismanagement and lack of written and practical programs in societies. The presence of the poor in the society causes many challenges in the social, economic and political structure. Pareto believes that the problem of increasing the welfare of the poor classes is more a problem of wealth production and maintenance than a distribution problem, the surest way to improve the conditions of the poor classes is to do something so that the wealth increases faster than the population. In Iran, one of the reasons for the revolution was to establish justice and equality within the society and to remove the deprived sections of the society from injustice. Justice in societies always brings satisfaction and companionship of people and stability of governments. Therefore, after the revolution, one of the concerns of the officials has been the establishment of justice and the fight against corruption, and in different governments, this importance has always been seen and heard in the words of the statesmen. Imam Khomeini (RA), as the founder of the Islamic Revolution, always emphasized and paid attention to the issue of eliminating poverty and the deprived class in the society, and in her speeches addressed to the authorities, she always emphasized this issue. In the governments after the revolution, attention to the deprived class has been on the agenda. In multiple development programs, this issue has been raised. In this article, the investigation of the situation of the deprived class during the construction government headed by Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani has been emphasized. During this period, we have witnessed measures to reduce the deprived class. But what can be seen by looking at the state of the society is that poverty and deprivation have not been eradicated as it should be. The statistics show that although after the revolution, poverty alleviation policies, including the creation of communication routes, energy, clean water and sanitation, have caused a relative reduction in income poverty in Iran, but it has been far from global standards. Therefore, the main goal of this article is to analyze and understand the position of the deprived class based on the discourse criteria of Imam Khomeini (RA) in Iran after the Islamic Revolution in the constructive state.
 
Research Question And Hypothesis
The main question raised is that what has been the situation of the deprived class in the state of construction after the Islamic revolution in Iran? Establishing social justice requires the realization of economic, social and political security, increasing people's hope for the future and providing livelihood and preserving the identity of the members of society. The fight against poverty and deprivation has received so much attention that it has been emphasized by the United Nations in the current era in the Millennium Development Goals. Looking at poverty from the perspective of citizenship is perhaps one of the rare and fundamental attitudes. It seems that confronting the category of citizenship with poverty requires a comprehensive approach to it. In fact, citizenship has become an important concept to describe, understand and explain the ways in which society participates in the development process or is excluded from it. The facts show that beyond permanent poverty and living in deprived areas, there are long lists including lack of rights, lack of education, skills, problems and social harms... which indicates a complex mutual relationship between citizenship, poverty and deprivation.
 
Materials & Metods
This article has analyzed the situation of social justice in the construction state of the Islamic Republic of Iran by descriptive-analytical method and using library and internet resources. The main question raised is that what has been the situation of the deprived class in the state of construction after the Islamic revolution in Iran?
 
Discussion and Conclusion
With the beginning of the government of Hashemi Rafsanjani, the concept of justice as a floating sign with the central sign of poverty reduction was taken into consideration as one of the key concepts in the discourse of the constructive era. In this discourse, poverty is considered to be the result of improper distribution, low production, budget deficit and lack of investment, and the evil to eliminate it is economic development, which is achieved through the creation of employment, work and production. In this way, the constructivist discourse began to alienate itself with the wartime discourse(Hezarjaribi & SafariShali,2013 : 21). One of the important programs that the government of Hashemi Rafsanjani put forward was the economic adjustment policy, the adjustment plan meant the liberalization of prices, this program put a lot of pressure on the deprived classes of the society. The famous saying by the officials of the constructive government that even in the adjustment process, 15% of the country's population, who were generally the deprived tenths of the society, are crushed under the wheels of development(Nematimiri & et al., 2021 : 138).
With the inauguration of the Hashemi government, the economic adjustment of the construction government program was made. "Economic liberalization is a global phenomenon. Economic liberalization includes efforts to reduce the economic role of the government, rely more on the market for the allocation of goods, privatize state-owned enterprises, remove government regulations, remove the need to obtain licenses, remove subsidies, reduce tariffs and other trade barriers, reduce government expenses, balance It has been forgiving the budget and dealing with inflation. The government's power to interfere in the economy must be limited. The government must provide conditions for macroeconomic stability, guarantee property rights, and provide law and order for rapid economic growth through domestic and foreign private sector performance. Finally, after achieving economic growth, distribution and social justice based on the trickle-down principle will lead to public welfare. Therefore, in line with global liberalism, the implementation of structural adjustment programs and policies to reform the country's economy was put on the government's agenda(Hajinasei & et al., 2022 : 2). The surveys conducted show that in the provinces of the country and urban and rural areas of each province in 2017, there is a significant difference in the amount of consumption and poverty rate. Generally, poverty is much less in seven regions of central Iran, which are industrially more developed and have bigger cities (Tehran, Isfahan and Qom). The coastal provinces of the Caspian Sea, 3 provinces in the northwest of Iran and 3 provinces on the edge of the Persian Gulf show an average level of poverty. The western provinces, which include the nomadic areas of the Zagros mountains, and the desert provinces in the east of the country, show the highest level of poverty. Regarding "poverty and inequality index", according to the information of the World Bank, it can be said that since 1370, there has been a significant reduction in the poverty gap of the population who have earned at least less than 2 dollars a day. In fact, the poverty gap has been reduced from 3.88 percent to 1.83 percent. This period, which is called the period of construction in terms of political structure, is often criticized for increasing inequalities despite the reduction of poverty. Domestic statistics show a decrease in poverty from 27.3% to 20.9% during the years 1996-2006(Ghasemiyan, 2003 : 524-526).
 
Conclusion
In this article, the investigation of the situation of the deprived class and the poor strata of the Iranian society during the construction period under the presidency of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani has been emphasized. During this period, we have witnessed measures to reduce the deprived class. To achieve this goal, the government implemented the economic adjustment program. The government wanted to reduce the role of the government sector, which did not have the necessary efficiency in the economy and was a drain on the government's budget, in the economy and to overcome the economic crisis. Therefore, the government's efforts in this period were aimed at mobilizing the resources of the upper classes. In this period, under the structural adjustment program, the government started to liberalize prices and services, privatize production and industrial units, make the currency single-rate, and reduce subsidies and subsidies. The aim of adjustment policy was to increase production. Change and improvement in the pattern of income distribution was postponed to the next stages of development and growth. The review of the bills of the development programs shows that there has not been a multi-dimensional and comprehensive view of the statesmen's discourse about the floating sign of justice with the central sign of poverty and poverty in the discourse of statesmen is mainly viewed from an economic point of view, and on the basis of such a view, poverty control and eradication programs in the country have been designed and implemented in the form of secondary symptoms, and little attention has been paid to other dimensions of this social damage.
According to the findings of the research, in the constructive government, since the economic thoughts governing the government board as the helmsman of the executive affairs of the country have been thoughts. which has looked more at the capitalist strata and class, fundamentally failed to reduce the deprived class in the society. Although this government was formed after the war and the damage caused by the war required many measures and sufficient funds were needed for the country to return to the development process, and of course the sale of oil has been available to the government as a source of large income, However, the statistics presented in the tables and graphs clearly show that the underprivileged class has not been given sufficient and proper attention in this era.
Keywords
Government
Islamic Revolution
Deprived Class
Islamic Republic of Iran
Construction Government

Subjects

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Contemporary Political Studies
Volume 15, Issue 3
Autumn 2024
Autumn 2024
Pages 265-302