China is one of the emerging powers of the 21st century. The position of the mentioned country in the global political economy has evolved from an isolated actor in the 1970s to an influential one in the equation of global power and wealth. Moving away from the approach of isolationism on the one hand and adopting an open door policy in order to connect to the complex power structures in the world economy on the other hand, is a clear symbol of the fundamental transformation of China's culture, politics and economy during the last few decades. One of China's actions in this regard is the creation and establishment of a range of institutions and mechanisms that lay the foundation for the development of its power and influence at the global level. One of these initiatives is a known as the Belt and Road Project in scientific and political circles. In September 2013, Xi Jinping, the President of China, presented the mentioned project to the world. The current study tries to analyze the visible and hidden dimensions of the mentioned initiative and its relationship with China's new approach to power in the world system from the perspective of international political economy. The question is, how can China's approach to power and its relationship with the Belt and Road initiative be understood in the domestic and international political economy of this country? The research hypothesis is designed based on the concepts of the English school of political economy in such a way that China's structural understanding of power in global economy and politics has been the foundation of the Belt and Road initiative.