تحلیل تطبیقی سیاست خارجی روسیه و چین در قبال پرونده هسته‌ای ایران بر پایه نظریه نقش

: The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, focuses on the role-playing of Russia and China in relation to the Iranian nuclear issue, and seeks to identify the conscious and self-emerging roles of Russia and China in relation to the Iranian nuclear issue, the conflict and alignment of these roles, and the strategies of the two countries for managing tension. The aim of this study is to examine and compare the roles of Russia and China in the Iranian nuclear issue, focusing on how to manage the conflict of interests and play multiple roles within the framework of the international system. The main question is how these two powers have balanced the requirements of relations with Iran, international obligations, and their own strategic interests. The analysis shows that by playing the role of a “technical-political mediator” and a “provider of peaceful nuclear technology,” Russia has tried to both maintain strategic relations with Iran and consolidate its position as a responsible member of the Security Council. In critical situations, this country has used diplomatic tools to moderate Western pressure on Iran, but at the same time has supported the adoption of some resolutions. China has also turned to “softening role conflict” by playing the role of a “key economic partner” and a “responsible actor in the non-proliferation regime”; that is, by using ambiguous diplomatic language, delaying sensitive decisions, and focusing on non-controversial areas of cooperation, it has been able to both continue economic relations with Iran and avoid open conflict with the West. The findings show that both countries have used flexible and multi-level strategies to manage role conflict, but Russia has emphasized political-security influence and China has emphasized economic-commercial interests.