, soft power, as a tool for exerting influence without resorting to force, plays an increasing role in advancing the goals of countries. Iran has also tried to strengthen its soft power in the Islamic world by utilizing the components of political Islam. ISIS as an extremist Salafi-jihadi movement, not as a direct competitor to the governance model of Iran, but as a controversial actor within the discourse of political Islam, created important consequences for the discursive and perceptual environment of the Islamic world. The present study, titled “The Challenges of ISIS and the Redefinition of the Soft Power of the Iran Based on the Components of Political Islam,” seeks to answer the question of what threats and challenges the emergence of ISIS has created for the soft power of the Iran at the regional level? The main hypothesis of the article is that ISIS, not only a military threat, but also a radical and violent model of political Islam, was able to challenge Iran's soft power in three main ways: 1) creating competition in the model of "resistance" and "management of the Islamic world", 2) deepening the Shia-Sunni sectarian divide and limiting the overall appeal of Iranian policies, and 3) creating an identity crisis for "political Islam" in the international arena that directly challenged Iran's image. The main goal of the research is to explain the challenges and opportunities arising from this confrontation and to provide evidence of the redefinition of Iran's soft power against the extremist reading of ISIS. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library and documentary sources. The findings show that the Islamic Republic of Iran has been able to turn some of these threats into opportunities by relying on concepts such as a single nation, religious rationality, and the proximity of religions.