Within the fragile geopolitical landscape of the Middle East, water serves as a fundamental component in shaping regional power dynamics. Contrary to reductionist approaches that frame the water crisis solely as an environmental issue, this study investigates the nexus between shared water resources and political relations, focusing on a case analysis of Turkey’s water policies toward Syria and Iran. The research explores transnational mechanisms of water diplomacy, with the primary objective of examining how Turkey leverages its hydro-political position in the Tigris, Euphrates, and Aras river basins to establish a new geo-hydrological hegemony. The methodology is based on a comparative-systemic analysis that conceptualizes Turkey, Syria, and Iran as hydro-diplomatic systems. Data were collected through the analysis of official documents, international protocols, domestic policy papers, and institutional reports, and were categorized according to the structure of water governance, the extent of diplomatic integration in decision-making, and patterns of regional interaction. Findings reveal that Turkey, through large-scale dam projects such as GAP and by invoking the principle of absolute territorial sovereignty, has achieved strategic control over transboundary water resources, effectively transforming them into instruments of political leverage against downstream countries. In Syria, the deliberate cutoff of water flows to regions like Hasakah, coinciding with military advances, exemplifies the fusion of water and military objectives within a framework of hybrid warfare. In the case of Iran, Turkish water policies have exacerbated environmental crises and human security threats, particularly through the intensification of dust storms and ecological instability. The study concludes that the water crisis in the Middle East cannot be understood merely as a matter of resource scarcity; rather, it constitutes a broader strategy of regional power reproduction—where water diplomacy functions less as a conflict-resolution mechanism and more as a tool for renegotiating hegemonic relations.