Abstract
Nowadays, political development is one of the most important topics related to politics and statecraft. In relation to political development, various components are mentioned, one of which is political participation by parties. For this purpose, positive and negative components should be studied. Therefore, this research has raised its main question in relation to the pathology of parties in the political system of Velayat al-Faqih. The hypothesis of the article is that not only there is no conflict between religious authority and political parties, but they can complement each other. The findings of the research have shown that the Velayat al-Faqih system provided the possibility of real political participation for the first time, which itself became the basis for the formation of parties. However, due to reasons such as the election law, the position of the party has not found its true position in this political system as it should and perhaps until now, and this issue is not necessarily related to the institution of religious authority. The research approach is descriptive-analytical and the data gathering method was documentary.
Keywords: party, religious authority, party system, democracy, political participation.
 
Introduction
With the gaining of power of the Islamic government, most of the issues that were proposed in the modern government should now be put to the test of the capabilities of the Islamic government. government, citizenship, development, election, party, vote, representation, and parliament; Each of them was concepts and phenomena that the Islamic State had to respond. In this regard, partisanship has been one of the concepts and phenomena that the Islamic government has had to take a position on. Party itself is related to the issue of political participation. First, the architecture of power should provide the way for the political participation of citizens so that they can organize themselves in the form of civil institutions and political organizations and find an identity in the form of parties. Although the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran has recognized the parties, and on the other hand, the Law of Parties and Organizations has expanded the issues mentioned in the Constitution, and also during the past few decades, from the Islamic Revolution until now, dozens of small and large parties in Iran were formed and operated. Therefore, according to the existing conditions, it can be said that the political system based on velayat al-faqih has been successful in expanding political participation, and subsequently, the formation and growth of parties. However, an examination of the role and function of parties shows that they generally have seasonal activities and sometimes act like election headquarters.
 
Materials & Methods
There is no agreement on the definition of the party. In general, all of these definitions can be divided into two layers of explanatory definitions; And, the normative definitions were divided. Most explanatory definitions emphasize the collective and common features of parties, such as vote-getting, candidate introduction, participation and political competition. In this type of definitions, a party is a group of citizens who have gathered together by means of collective interests and desires, or common interests, and are opposed to other groups and their interests. In contrast, normative definitions often focus on the specific functions of parties.
According to some researchers, the formation of parties is a product of the side function of parliamentary political systems. The parliament-oriented political construction, and the prevalence and prosperity of elections, have automatically caused parties to form and grow.
Basically, before the constitutional revolution in Iran, the political order was based on the absolute monarchy of the king who had unquestionable authority over the lives and property of his subjects. From the constitutionalism to the Islamic revolution, we have seen the rise and fall of various parties, which are often more than a party in its classical sense, but a group of political activists who have tried to imitate the party. The Islamic Revolution provided a fundamental change in the nature of the state and designed the architecture of power based on tools for people's participation. Article 26 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran protects parties.
 
Discussion & Result
Although the constitution recognized the parties, they have not been able to perform their real functions in the decades after the revolution. Some researchers have followed this issue from the perspective of the foundations of the state in Islam. According to them, the Velayat-e-Faqih system is a theocratic government and does not provide an opportunity for broad participation. But the pathology of the parties from the point of view of the conflict between the Islamic foundations and the party is mostly due to the predominance of the secular point of view. The main problem of parties in Iran's political system is not caused by conflicts such as the conflict between Islam and the party, but arises from a structural problem, which is the separation between the party system and the political structure. What can establish this link is the electoral system.
 
Conclusion
Before the constitutional revolution, there was no party experience because the absolute monarchy basically did not allow society to participate. But neither during the constitutional period nor during the Pahlavi period, the parties could grow. However, even though the Islamic Revolution provided a lot of effective space for political participation by accepting parties in the constitution, the parties did not have a successful track record. The findings of the research showed that the main problem is in the election law and the electoral system of the country, which has not considered an effective role for the parties.