Introduction
In Islamic-era Iran, the most prominent approach to women’s citizenship rights emerged during the Constitutional Revolution, manifested in women’s participation in periodicals and the formation of women’s associations. Subsequently, during the Pahlavi period, women were granted the right to vote for the first time, and were later afforded the opportunity to stand for election as parliamentary representatives. With the victory of the Islamic Revolution, a renewed perspective on women—grounded in Islamic values—took shape, which was reflected in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and subsequently in the Citizens’ Rights Charter.

Materials and Methods
The present study aims to examine “Women’s Citizenship Rights and Their Historical Background and Status in the Islamic Republic of Iran.” It employs a descriptive-analytical method and is based on library research conducted through systematic note-taking. The central research question is: What is the status of women’s citizenship rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran?

Discussion & Result
The Preamble to the Constitution, as well as several of its provisions, explicitly address women’s rights. The Preamble states that in the establishment of Islamic social foundations, human forces previously subjected to comprehensive foreign exploitation shall regain their authentic identity and human rights. In this restoration, women—having endured greater oppression under the former regime—shall naturally receive greater restitution of their rights. The family is described as the fundamental unit of society and the primary center for human growth and development. Ideological and aspirational harmony in the formation of the family, which constitutes the principal foundation for humanity’s progressive development, is recognized as an essential principle; thus, providing the necessary conditions for achieving this objective is deemed a duty of the Islamic government.
Within this framework, women are no longer regarded as “objects” or “instruments of labor” serving consumerism and exploitation. Rather, while reclaiming the noble and significant role of motherhood in nurturing ideologically committed and pioneering individuals, they stand alongside men as active participants in the various spheres of life. Consequently, women assume a more significant responsibility and, within the Islamic worldview, enjoy elevated dignity and value.
Beyond the Preamble, other constitutional provisions also address women’s citizenship rights. Notably, Article 21 of the Constitution stipulates that:
“The government is obliged to guarantee the rights of women in all respects, in conformity with Islamic criteria, and to accomplish the following:

Create favorable conditions for the development of women’s personality and the restoration of their material and moral rights;
Support mothers, particularly during pregnancy and child-rearing, and protect orphaned children;
Establish competent courts for the preservation of the family’s integrity and survival;
Provide special insurance for widows, elderly women, and women without guardians;
Grant guardianship of children to worthy mothers, in the best interests of the children, in the absence of a lawful guardian.”


Conclusion
With the triumph of the Islamic Revolution, women’s citizenship rights acquired a distinct and formal status within the Constitution. Nevertheless, post-revolutionary developments—including the Iran–Iraq War and the wave of political assassinations during the early years of the Islamic Republic—led to the non-implementation of many constitutional principles, including aspects related to women’s citizenship rights.
The emphasis on citizenship rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran ultimately resulted in the drafting and promulgation of the Citizens’ Rights Charter during the Eleventh Administration. However, evaluations indicate that this Charter more closely resembles a policy guideline lacking sufficient enforcement guarantees. Iranian society therefore still faces a considerable path ahead before women’s citizenship rights can be fully and effectively realized.